The Theory Of Poker
The Theory of Poker is an expansion and total revision of the book Sklansky on Poker Theory, written by David Sklansky and originally published by Gambler's Book Club of Las Vegas in 1978. That book was directed primarily to professional poker players.
Author David Sklansky
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The Theory of Poker by David Sklansky discusses theories and concepts applicable to nearly every variation of the game, including five-card draw (high), seven-card stud, hold ’em, lowball draw, and razz (seven-card lowball stud). This book introduces you to the Fundamental Theorem of Poker, its implications, and how it should affect your play. The Theory of Poker by David Sklansky discusses theories and concepts applicable to nearly every variation of the game, including five-card draw (high), seven-card stud, hold em, lowball draw, and razz (seven-card lowball stud). This book introduces you to the Fundamental Theorem of Poker, its implications, and how it should affect your play. Poker, blackjack, other casino games, sports betting, and general gambling concepts. This book contains some of the most sophisticated gambling ideas that have ever been put into print. The Theory of Poker By David Sklansky A product of Two Plus Two Publishing FOURTH EDITION SEVENTH PRINTING April 2005 Printing and ind gCr el Printing Co. Las Vegas, Nevada. Quoting directly, The Theory of Poker gives five criteria that it says must all be true in most cases for a slowplay to be correct.
Synopsis of David Sklansky's Theory of Poker
Theory of Poker by David Sklansky discusses theories and concepts applicable to nearly every variation of the game, including five-card draw (high), seven-card stud, hold'em, lowball draw, and razz (seven-card lowball stud). This book introduces you to the Fundamental Theorem of Poker, its implications, and how the theorem should affect your play. Other chapters discuss the value of deception, bluffing, raising, the slow-play, the value of position, psychology, heads-up play, game theory, implied odds, the free card, semibluffing, and much more. Many of today's top poker players will tell you that this is the book that really made a difference in their play. That is, these are the ideas that separate the experts from the typical player. Those who read and study this book will literally leave behind those who don't, and most serious players wear the covers off their copies. In many ways, this is probably the best book ever written on poker.
Excerpt from the Book Theory of Poker : Check Raising
Check raising and slowplaying are two ways of playing a strong hand weakly to trap your opponents and win more money from them. However, they are not identical. Check raising is checking your hand with the intention of raising on the same round after an opponent bets. Slowplaying, which we discuss in more detail in the next chapter, is playing your hand in a way that gives your opponents no idea of its strength. It may be checking and then just calling an opponent who bets, or it may be calling a person who bets ahead of you. When you slowplay a hand, you are using deception to keep people in for a while in order to make your move in a later round. Clearly, then, a hand you slowplay has to be much stronger than a hand with which you check raise. Check raising can drive opponents out and may even win the pot right there, while slowplaying gives opponents either a free card or a relatively cheap card.
THE ETHICS OF CHECK RAISING
There are some amateur poker players who find something reprehensible about check raising. They find it devious and deceitful and con sider people who use it to be less than well-bred. Well, check raising is devious and it is deceitful, but being devious and deceitful is precisely what one wants to be in a poker game, as is implied by the Fundamental Theorem of Poker.
Checking with the intention of raising is one way to do that. In a sense, check raising and slowplaying are the opposites of bluffing, in which you play a weak hand strongly. If check raising and slowplaying were not permitted, the game of poker would lose just about as much as it would if bluffing and semi-bluffing were not permitted. Indeed the two types of play complement one another, and a good player should be adept at both of them. The check raise is a powerful weapon. It is simply another tool with which a poker player practices his art. Not allowing check raising in your home game is something like not allowing, say, the hit and run in a baseball game or the option pass in a football game. Without it poker loses a significant portion of its strategy, which, apart from winning money, is what makes the game fun. I'm much more willing to congratulate an opponent for trapping me in a check raise than for drawing out on me on a call he shouldn't have made in the first place -- and if I am angry at anyone, it is at myself for falling into the trap.
NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR CHECK RAISING
Two conditions are needed to check raise for value -- that is, when you expect you might be called by a worse hand. First, you must think you have the best hand, but not such a great hand that a slowplay would be proper. Second, you must be quite sure someone behind you will bet if you check. Let's say on Fourth Street in seven-card stud someone bets with
showing, and with
you're getting sufficient pot odds to call. Now on Fifth Street you catch a king to make kings up. Here you might check raise if you are pretty sure the player representing queens will bet.
This second condition--namely, that someone behind you will bet after you check--is very important. When you plan to check raise, you should always keep in mind that you could be making a serious, double-edged mistake if you check and no one bets behind you. You are giving a free card to opponents who would have folded your bet, and in addition you are losing a bet from those who would have called. So you had better be very sure the check raise will work before you try it.
CHECK RAISING AND POSITION
When you plan to check raise with several players still in the pot, you need to consider the position of the player you expect will bet because that position determines the kind of hand you check raise with, to a large extent. Let's say you have made kings up on Fifth Street, and the player representing queens is to your right. Kings up is a fairly good hand but not a great hand, and you'd like to get everybody out so they don't draw out on your two pair. You check, and when the player with queens bets, you raise. You are forcing everyone else in the hand to call a double bet, the original bet and your immediate raise, and they will almost certainly fold. You don't mind the queens calling your raise, for you're a big favorite over that player. However, if he folds, that's fine too.
Now we'll place the player representing queens to your left instead of to your right. In this case you should bet with kings up even though you know the player with queens will bet if you check and even though you think you have the best hand. When you bet in this spot, you are hoping the queens will raise so that the double bet will drive out the other players in the pot, just as your check raise was meant to do in the other instance. And if that opponent does raise, you can now reraise.
Suppose that instead of kings up, the king on Fifth Street gives you three kings. Now you are much stronger than you were with two pair, and your hand can tolerate callers. Therefore, you would use the opposite strategy you employed with kings up. With the probable bettor to your right, you should bet, and after everyone calls, you hope that bettor raises so that people will be calling a single bet twice (which they are much more likely to do than to call a double bet once). On the other hand, if the probable bettor is to your left, then you check the three kings, and after that player bets and everyone calls, you raise. Once again, you are inviting your opponents to call a single bet twice and not a double bet once.
In sum, the way you bet or check raise depends on the strength of your hand in relation to what you can see of the other hands and the position of the player you expect to bet or raise behind you when you check or bet. With a fairly good hand, like kings up or aces up in seven stud, you try to make opponents call a double bet because you d like to drive them out. With a very good hand like three kings or three aces you play to induce your opponents to call a single bet; then you confront them with having to call another single bet. In this case, you don't mind their staying in since you're a big favorite over them.
CHECK RAISING WITH A SECOND-BEST HAND
The Theory Of Poker Applied To No-limit
While you generally check raise because you think you have the best hand, it is frequently correct to check raise with a second-best hand if the play will drive other opponents out. The principle here is identical to the principle of raising with what you think is the second-best hand as it was explained in Chapter Nine and Chapter Thirteen. If the probable best hand is to your immediate right, you can check, wait for that player to bet, then raise so that the rest of the table will fold rather than call a double bet. While you may not be the favorite, you have still increased your chances of winning the pot, and you have the extra equity of whatever dead money is in the pot from earlier betting rounds.
Sometimes you can check raise with a come hand like a four flush if there are many people in the pot already and you don't expect a reraise, for you are getting good enough odds, especially if you have a couple of cards to come. This play should usually be made only when the probable bettor is to your immediate left; then the other players will call that bettor before they realize you are putting in a raise. You do not want to drive players out because you want to get the correct odds for your raise.
SUMMARY
The factors you must consider when you plan to check raise are:
- The strength of your hand
- Whether someone behind you will bet after you check
- The position of the probable bettor
To check raise with a hand with which you want to thin out the field, you want the probable bettor to your right so that people will have to call a double bet to stay in. With a very strong hand and with most come hands, you want the probable bettor to your left so the other players in the hand might call that bettor's single bet and then be invited to call your raise.
Other Books Written by David Sklansky
The Theory Of Poker David Sklansky Pdf
Two Plus Two Magazine, Vol. 14 No. 12Publisher’s Note: David Sklansky is working on a new book tentatively titled The Theory of Poker Applied to No-Limit. What follows is the first sample from this text. Also, this is not a complete chapter, but it should give you an idea of what is coming, probably in the summer of 2019.
Slowplaying
The Theory Of Poker Applied To No-limit
To be honest, the original chapter on slowplaying in The Theory of Poker could lead you astray in deepstack no-limit or pot-limit poker. This is especially true for players who religiously stuck to my guidelines without thinking too hard about possible adjustments. That chapter was pretty much solely concerned with limit play, and some specific guidelines had you both slowplaying in spots where it might not be right to bet in no-limit and avoiding slowplays where it is sometimes right in no-limit.
To slowplay means to play more meekly on an earlier round than your good hand might indicate, in order to disguise your hand for the sake of future bets and to prevent the hand from ending immediately on that round. Thus, you check hands that seem to be worth a bet or just call with them rather than raise.
Quoting directly, The Theory of Poker gives five criteria that it says must all be true in most cases for a slowplay to be correct. They are:
- You must have a very good hand
- The free or cheap card you are allowing other players to get must have good possibilities of making them a second best hand.
- That same free card must have little chance of making someone a better hand than yours or even giving that person a draw to a better hand than yours on the next round with sufficient odds to justify a call.
- You must be sure you will drive other players out by showing aggression, but you have a good chance of winning a big pot if you don’t.
- The pot must not yet be large.
I think that most experienced poker players can pretty much see why these are accurate criteria for limit poker. If you have a monster, let you opponents partially catch up if there is too good a chance that early aggression will thin the field or win the pot immediately.
And this is also an argument for slowplaying in no-limit or pot-limit as well. It’s an excellent argument as long s the stacks are not deep.
But if the stacks are deep, there are at least two reasons to consider not slowplaying hands that you would slowplay in limit:
- Bet sizes are related to the size of the pot. In limit, if you belatedly realize that you could have gotten called all the way through, your decision to miss an early bet is not that catastrophic. But in no-limit or pot-limit, it often is. If there’s $100 in the pot and I bet the pot all three rounds I win $1,400 rather than the $500 I would get if I skip the first bet. Of course, real life is more complicated than this, but the general point should be clear. As a result, early slowplays with great hands should be made less often in no-limit when the stacks are deep. (In TOP, I point out that even in limit games the pure nuts should be slowplayed less often than slightly worse hands just in case you’re up against a great hand being slowplayed. That remains true in big bet games.)
- Catastrophic future cards are worse and good future cards are less plentiful. In no-limit, the next card is less likely to entice an opponent who has mildly improved to give you action than it would at limit. If the flop is the K52, followed by the T, two tens will lose more to your slowplayed three deuces in limit, but probably not no-limit. Meanwhile, if a four comes and gives you action, you could be in trouble. This concept is especially true in pot-limit Omaha. If the flop is the 833, and everyone checks to you, it’s usually wrong to slowplay eights full. Bet and hope to trap a trey that checked. If a card above an eight comes, you’re still probably okay, but not so much if you get action.
On the other hand, there are times to slowplay in no-limit with hands that would not be good enough to slowplay in limit. One reason is that your bets are giving your opponents lower pot odds. Another reason is that your opponent is more afraid of the next bet in no-limit than he is in limit. And third, is the fact that you are sometimes beat and your decision not to slowplay will thus usually cost you more money or, if you fold to a raise, the chance of drawing out.
A common example of the above occurs on fourth street in no-limit hold ’em when you have perhaps ace-king and the board is the K972. Your opponent called your flop bet and checks again. It’s often right to check it right back with the intention of calling a moderate river bet and perhaps making your own moderate bet if he checks again.
In limit hold ’em, this play is rarely right. But in no-limit, it should be obvious that it’s often right against many types of players. For instance, the opponent who will fold two jacks on the turn fearing the river bet, but who will call the one bet after you check. Or the opponent who has a holding of ten-eight but who will frequently bluff when he misses. Or the person with a nine-seven who check raises you out of eight wins.
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